您好,欢迎访问陕西专升本,我们将竭诚为您服务!
当前位置:库课网校 > 考试科目 > 2025陕西专升本英语—定语从句
2025陕西专升本英语—定语从句
2025-02-08 13:56:26  浏览量:171次
分享至

  一、定语从句

  在复合句中充当定语成分的从句是定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,定语从句按照英语语法规则应放在先行词后面(即先行词+定语从句)。

  哈利波特是一个聪明的男孩儿。

  Hary Porter is a smart boy.

  哈利波特是一个戴眼镜的男孩儿。

  Hary Porter is a boy who wears glasses.

  本质:"大"形容词

  思考:什么时候使用定语从句?定语从句的位置?

  答:当定语不再是一个单词,而是一个句子时;位置:名词后面。

  两个概念——先行词与关系代词

  Hary Porter is a boy who has magic power.

  哈利波特是一个有魔法的男孩

  boy——先行词

  ——被修饰的词+两句共同说的词

  思考:关系代词是谁?有何作用?

  答:who;作用:①连接主句和从句②代替先行词③作从句成分

  考什么?

  关系代词:

  that/which/who/whom/whose/as

  关系副词:

  where(地点)/when(时间)/why(原因)

  考点:关系代词

  从句中缺成分(主/宾/表),用关系代词

  

陕西专升本英语

 

  关系代词小结:五字方针:人+物+的+省略

  1.无限制情况下都可用that(作宾语可省)

  2.人+who(主语)/whom(宾语)

  3.物+which

  4.whose表示所属关系:n (的) n(两个名词之间用"的"连接,用whose)

  eg:1.There is a house 的 roof is broken.

  那儿有一个屋顶换了的房子

  解释:空处前后是名词,可以"的"字连接,房子的屋顶,这种所属关系,故空处填whose

  2.There is jim 的 composition is praised by Alice.

  这是作文被艾丽丝表扬了的吉姆

  解释:空处前后是名词,可以"的"字连接,吉姆的作文,这种所属关系,故空处填whose

  5.关系代词在从句中作宾语可以省略

  关系代词的省略(关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可省略)

  eg:1.He is the man who wrote the book.

  他是写了这本书的男人

  分析:本句中who做从句中的主语,故不能省略.(主+谓+宾)

  2.He is the manwhomIadmire.

  他是我敬佩的男人

  分析:本句中whom做从句的宾语,故可省略(主+谓+宾)

  3.She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

  她是我见过最漂亮的女孩

  分析:本句中that做宾语,故可省(主+谓+宾)

  练一练:

  翻译:1."找你妹"是一个由云中游公司制作的游戏。

  ="找你妹"是一个游戏+由云中游公司制作的.

  "Find something" is a game+

  It is made by Funship Entertainment

  ="Find something" is a game which is made by Funship Entertainment.

  (先行词是物,关系代词用which,代指game)

  2.姚明是一个2.26米高的篮球运动员。

  =姚明是一个篮球运动员+他2.26米高

  Yao Ming is a basketball player+

  he is 2.26 meters tall.

  =Yao Ming is a basketball player who is 2.26 meters tall.

  (先行词是运动员即人,关系代词用who,代指运动员)

  3.郭敬明是一个1.49米高的作家。

  =Guo Jingming is a write who is 1.49 meters tall.

  4.住在我们隔壁的那个男人是卖菜的。

  =那个男人+住在我们隔壁 是买菜的

  =The man sells vegetables

  +The man lives next to us

  =The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.

  考点:特殊代词as(正如...一样)

  such...as... 和...一样

  the same...as... 和...一样

  eg:Can machines perform the same tasks as man does?

  机器人能够做和人一样的工作吗?

  拓展:

  

陕西专升本英语

 

  eg:She wears the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

  她穿着在玛丽婚礼上穿过的那条裙子。

  (同一个裙子)

  She wore the same dress as her yong sister wore.

  她和妹妹穿着同样的裙子。

  (同一类裙子)

  考点:关系副词

  从句中不缺主宾表(仅需补充状语),用关系副词(缺时间/地点/原因)

  关系副词的用法

  1.when表示时间

  eg:This is the time when we first met each other.

  这是我们第一次见面的时间。

  (解释:从句结构是主谓宾,不缺成分,又因主句系动词is语从句met两个动词不能同时存在,考虑用关系副词来连接,此处需要关系副词when表示时间)

  2.where 表地点

  eg:It is the factory where we worked.

  这是我们工作的工厂。

  (解释:先行词factory工厂,我们工作的地方,用关系副词where表地点)

  3.why表原因

  It’s the reason why we come back.

  这就是我们为什么回来的原因。

  补充:抽象地点:job(岗位)/field(领域)/situation(情况)/case(情形)/dream(梦想)/point(点)/viewpoint(观点)

  eg:There is one pointwhere I’d like your advice.

  有一点,我想听听你的建议。

  考点:带介词的定语从句

  如果空前本身就有介词

  介词(in/on/with/for/about/...)+which/whom

  人+介词:用whom

  物+介词:用which

  eg:The girl to whom Tom spoke is Mary.

  跟汤姆说话的女孩是玛丽。

  (如果这道题让填介词,根据从句的谓语动词spoke,跟某人说话:speak to sb,故用to)

https://www.kuke99.com/course/703201803218051072

  注意:介词前移问题

  原语序:The girl Tom spoketo whom is Mary.(本句话形式上不对,因为先行词后方要跟从句,whom是关系代词,连接从句,to为介词)

  考点:限制性定语从句

  答题三部曲:

  step1.主从隔离

  (断句,用斜线将整句话主句跟从句断开)

  陕西专升本英语

  (v1是第一个动词,v2是第二个动词,空前划到第二个动词前面断开)

  eg:The little girl showed the policeman the corner/ she was knocked off her bike.

  (/代表断句处,空前有谓语动词showed,从空前断开,主句从句分离)

  The man / was stolen / called the police.

  (空前无动词,空前断开,空前划到第二个动词前断开)

  step2.体验从句

  从句缺主宾——关系代词

  从句不缺主宾,缺状语——关系副词

  step3.对症下药

  

陕西专升本英语

 

  考题:

  This is the shool B last year.

  A.which I studied

  B.at which I studied

  C.where I studied

  D.in where I studied

  (解析:“我在学校学习”=I studied at school. 介词提前at+which/whom,因为介词前是the school,所以at which,C项错,where有“在某地”之意,at也表示“在...”不能同时出现,D错,不说in school,应说at school,故选B。译:去年我在这个学校学习)

  例题:

  1.In the office / I never seem to have time until after 5:30p.m, /(D) many people have got home.

  A.whose

  B.that

  C.on which time

  D.by which time

  解析:“/”代表断句处,短语“by that time”“到那时”,首先句子中间有逗号隔开,不选that,非限定性定语从句,不选A,根据句意“到那时许多人已经回家”,非限定性从句要改为“by which time”。故选D。句意:在办公室里我似乎从来没有时间直到5:30之后,到那时许多人已经回家了。

  2.Is this the reason /(A) he explained / at the meeting / for his carelessness in his work?

  A.that

  B.what

  C.how

  D.why

  解析:从句缺少宾语,(主谓宾),排除BCD,D是陷阱。

  3.Do you remember the day /() we spent /() climbing Mount Tai last summer?

  A.that;going

  B.when;in going

  C.on which;going

  D.which;to go

  解析:“spent (in) doing”花费(时间、金钱)做某事,先排除D,从句缺少宾语,故排除B,C中on which不对,因为谓语动词spent in doing,故排除,that可作宾语,故A对。

  4.The days () Ispent / in the countryside / in my childhood / were the happiest time () I had ever had in my life.

  A.when;when

  B.where;that

  C.that;which

  D.that;that

  解析:第一个空缺宾语,用that,第二个空前面有the+形容词最高级,故用that。解析:我童年在农村度过的时光是我一生中最快乐的时光。

  5.I’m determined to buy such a flat / (A) you are now living in.

  A.as

  B.which

  C.that

  D.what

  解析:as正如你现在住的那样。句意:我决定买一套你现在在住的公寓。

  考点:定语从句陷阱

  暗箭一:只能用that的情况

  (口诀:最 不 避 人 物)

  1.修饰词+先行词+that

  先行词被

  ①序数词first,last,next等

  ②最高级the most...;the best;the biggest等

  ③唯一性the very;the only;the right;the last等

  等修饰时,关系词用that

  eg:①The first thing that we need to do find a hotel to have a good rest.

  我们要做的第一件事就是找一件公寓休息一下。

  ②He is the very person that we are finding.

  他就是我们要找的那个人

  ③The best thing that we have is friendship.

  我们拥有最好的东西就是友谊。

  2.先行词(不定代词+多多少少)+that

  先行词是:all所有;each每一个;both两个都;much多;many多;little少;none一个也没;(“多多少少”)

  something;anything;everything等不定代词

  eg:He dideverything that he could to help us.

  他所每一件他能够坐的事情来帮助我们

  3.who/which——that避免重复

  eg:who is the man that is standing in the garden?

  (前面出现了who或which,后面为了避免重复,只能用that)

  4.先行词既有人又有物

  eg:The famous writer and his books that the TV is saying now has aroused great interest among students.

  译:电视正在播放的这个有名的作家和他的书,现在已经在学生中引起了极大的兴趣。

  (口诀解释:最:“最高级”,“唯一性”“序数词”等“最...”之意的词,不:“不定代词+多多少少”等先行词,避:避免重复出现who/which,人物:先行词既有人又有物的情况)

  暗箭二:只能用who的情况

  1.先行词是some、any、every、no和body、one一起构成复合不定代词somebody,someone等

  eg:Anybody who is tall can play basketball.

  任何个子高的人都可以打篮球。

  2.先行词是:one、ones、those时只能用who

  eg:The ones who work hard can go to university.

  努力学习的那些人能够上大学。

  eg:God helps those who help themselves.

  上帝帮助那些帮助自己的人(天助自助者)

  考题:

  Success will belong to those (C) never say “impossible”.

  A.whom

  B.that

  C.who

  D.which

  解析:看见关键词直接选C,只能用who的情况。句意:成功属于那些永远不说不可能的人。

  暗箭三:the way作先行词

  “正确的打开方式”

  the way in which

  the way that

  the way

  考题:

  1.I don't like (A) you speak to her.

  A.the way

  B.the way in that

  C.the way which

  D.the way of which

  解析:只有A正确,其他均错误。B多了in,C少in,D多了of。句意:我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。

  非限定性定语从句:形式上(有逗号)

  限定性定语从句:形式上(无逗号)

  判断:

  1.Ha is a boy who has magic power. (限定性定从)

  2.Ha , who is a boy ,has magic power. (非限定性定语从句)

  3.Ha has magic power,which is true. (非限定)

  ①which只能位于主句之后,且前有逗号。翻译成“这”,指代逗号前一整句话。

  eg:The earth goes around the sun,which is known to us all.

  地球围着太阳转,这是我们众所周知的。

  (此处which指代逗号前一整句话,译为“这”)

  ②as,可放主句前、主句后、还可以分割主句、as有“正如...好像...”的意思。

  eg:1.As is known to us all,the earth goes around the sun.

  2.John,as you know,is a writer.

  as的万能句型还有:

  1.As is often the case情况常常如此

  2.As often happens事情往往如此

  3.As is hoped正如所希望的

  4.As is natural很自然

  5.As we had expected正如我们所期待的

  6.As is known to everybody/all/us

  众所周知

  7.As is reported in the newspaper

  正如报纸所报道的

  8.As is mentioned above

  正如上面所提到的

  9.As might be expected

  正如所预料的那样

  10.As has been said before

  如前所述

  非限定性定语从句

  决不可选择why和that,需用for which代替why,其他关系词的选择同限定性定语从句一样。

  考点:I think作插入语

  我这样认为

  which I think is

  考题:

  He has made another wonderful discovery,(A) of importance to science and man.

  A.which I think is

  B.which I think it is

  C.of which I think it is

  D.I think which is

  解析:考查I think作插入语,句意:他有了一项伟大的发明,这对科学和人类有极大的重要性。

资料下载
  • 零基础必背!专升本英语50个常考句型
  • 专升本英语语法真题精选1000题
  • 2025统招专升本英语作文模板20篇
  • 专升本英语固定搭配及短语常考作文翻译使用
  • 专升本英语必刷1000题(题目)
  • 专升本英语必刷1000题(解析)
  • 30个专升本英语黄金句式学会拿高分!
  • 20天背会专升本英语核心词汇
  • 专升本英语考前必刷2000题
  • 2025年专升本英语词组600
公司地址:郑州市文化路112号库课科技大厦
服务热线: 400-6529-888
关注公众号