一、状语从句
在复合句中充当状语的从句叫状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句按其功能可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步九种。
状语从句在复合句中的位置比较灵活,可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。状语从句前置时,从句语主句一般用逗号隔开;后置时,从句与主句之间可以不用逗号。
重点掌握:①连接词的选择②状语从句语序为陈述语序。
“状”语=“壮”语,让句子壮大。
1.He speaks English.
He speaks English well.
单词作状语
2.The sun rises and sets.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
介词短语作状语
3.I come here.
I come here because I want to see you.
句子——状语从句
总结:状语其实是一个附加的成分,它去掉或加上,对句子核心的含义是没有太大改变的,它仅仅起到让句子的语意更加精准、更加明确地作用。
考点:地点状语从句
通常由
where(在...地方)
wherever(无论任何地方)
anywhere(任何地方)
everywhere(每一个地方)
引导
eg:(where there is smoke),there is fire.
有烟的地方就有火。
(wherever you go),you should mind your behaviours
无论你去哪里,你都应该注意你的言行。
考题:
After the earthquake,a new school building was put up (B)there had once been a theatre.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
分析:put up(建立,举起,抬起);从句不缺成分(主+谓+宾),排除AC;先从词是school,显然是地点,不是时间,而且put up是动词短语,建立、建起,在哪建?显然需要地点状语从句来修饰,故选B。句意:地震之后,一个曾经是剧院的地方建起了一所新学校。
考点:时间状语从句
①....时候:when、while、as(表时间,伴随状态。①“作为”②“尽管”③定语从句中“正如...,正像...”)
whenever(无论...时候/任何时候)
each time每当...时、every time每次
②在...之前/后:before、after、since(自从)
until/till直到...
③一...就:as soon as;
immediately / directly / instantly(副词作连词“一...就”)
no sooner...than,hardly...when;
the minute / the second / the moment / the instant(名词作连词,连接两个句子)
④not...until直到...才
eg:He didn't leave home until his father came back.
直到父亲回来,他才离开家
考点:when、while、as区别:“当...时”
1.while:两个持续性动作同时发生
eg:I kept silent while he was writing.
当他写作的时候,我保持沉默。
2.as:表伴随,“随着...”“正当...”“一边...一边..."
eg:As time passed,things seemed to get better.
随着时间的流逝,事情好像变得更好了
She sang as she went along.
他一边走路一边唱歌。
3.when可替代as和while
考点:while在句中的不同含义
1.while I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend.(表时间)
(while=when)译:当我沿着街道走的时候,我遇见了一个老朋友
2.He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.(表对比)
(while=but/however然而)表两者对比(最好不用but,因为but语气过重)
译:他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢乡村音乐。
考点:when还可表示
(正在/正要...突然...)
(正在/正要...就在那时...)
语境:①一个人在街上走着,突然/就在那时,他看见了那个小偷②那个小孩就要哭了,就在那时他妈妈回来了③一个人要去游泳,他朋友就在那时把他阻止了
总结:一个人正要/正在做某事时,另一个人出现把他给打断了 用when
eg:They were walking down the street when they saw an accident.
他们正在街道上走着,就在那时他们看见了一场交通事故。
I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me.
我正打算去游泳,就在那时我们导游阻止了我
The baby was on the point of crying when his monther finally came home.
小孩就要哭了,就在那时他的妈妈回来了
考题:
1.I’d like to see him in my office (B) he arrives.
A.for the moment
B.the moment
C.in a moment
D.at any moment
解析:ACD为介词短语,不能连接两个句子(一句话不能出现两个动词),B为名词作连词,“一...就”。
2.John puts up his hand (A) the teacher asks a question.
A.every time 每次
B.in time 及时
C.some time一些时间
D.at times有时候
解析:只有A可做为连词,连接两个句子。
3.He had no sooner finished his speech (A)he withdrew.
A.than
B.that
C.when
D.as
解析:考查时间状语从句中“一...就”,译:他一完成演讲就撤退了。withdraw—withdrew(撤退,离开)
考点:原因状语从句
引导词:because,as,for(都译为因为),since由于,既然
eg:1.Since you are free today,can you help me with my English?
既然(因为)你今天很闲,你能帮助我学习英语吗?
2.It rained last nigh,for the ground is wet this morning.
昨晚下雨了,因为今天早上地面是湿的。
now that(既然)
in that(在于,在...点上,因为)
eg:I am happy in that he help me.
seeing that/considering that 鉴于...
1.必须because
①引导表语从句 (主系表)
eg:It was because he didn't recognize you.
那是因为他没有认出你
②从属连词前有only,just,simply修饰(即构成only because,just because,simply because)
eg:You shouldn't get angry just because some people ill of you.
你不应该生气仅仅因为有人说你坏话。
2.for引导的句子不能放句首,
前面有逗号隔开。
eg:We must start early,for we have a long way to go.
我们必须早点出发,因为我们有很长的路要走。
考题:
1.Men differ from animals (C)theycanthink and speak.
A.for which
B.for that
C.in that
D.in which
解析:首先从句不缺成分(主谓宾),A选项相当于why,根据句意从句部分属于结果,主句是原因,why后跟原因,C选项译为“因为”符合句意。译:人不同于动物之处在于他们能思考与说话。
2.Mark needs to learn Chinese (D)his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A.unless
B.until
C.although
D.since
解析:译:马可需要学习中文,因为他的公司在北京开了一家分公司。“sinc”在此表示“因为,由于”。
考点:结果状语从句
so...that...;such...that...
(如此...以至于...)
诀窍:找中心词(so+adj/adv;such+n)
固定用法:So+many/much/few/little
such+a lot of/lots of
so+adj+a/an+n(可数名词单数)
such+a/an+adj+n(可数名词复数/不可数名词)
eg:such a nice boy
sonice a boy
such fine weather(天气为不可数n)
so beautiful/diligent/carefully...
考点:so that,as a result(结果)
1.He was caught in the rain yesterday,(D)he fell ill this morning.
A.on the contrary正相反
B.in contrast正相反
C.in other words换句话说
D.as a result结果
解析:译:他昨晚淋雨了,结果他今早生病了。
so that即可引导目的状从,又可引导结果状从,区别是:
①引导目的状从表示:一种意欲或可能性
引导结果状从表示:一种事实
②引导目的状从常含情态动词(can,may,might,could,would)
③引导目的状从 主句与从句之间无逗号
引导结果状从 主句与从句之间有逗号隔开
eg:He worked hard at his lessons so that he could gain high grades in the exams.
他努力学习功课,为了在考试中取得好成绩。
He worked hard at his lessons,so that he gained high grades.
他努力学习功课,结果在考试中取得了好成绩。
考点:条件状语从句
1.if,unless(如果不)
eg:If you don't hurry up,you will be late.
如果你不赶快的话,你就会迟到。
2.假如
①providing/provided/supposing/suppose
②on condition(that)
“在某一种情况上”就是“假如”
eg:Providing it rains tomorrow,we won't go on a picnic.
假如明天下雨,我们就不去野餐
3.as long as,so long as只要
eg:You may stay here as long as you like.
只要你喜欢你可以呆在这里。
考题:
1.You can only fly to London this evening (B)you don't mind changing.
A.except除了
B.provided假如
C.although尽管
D.where在...地
解析:假如你不介意在巴黎转机的话,你今晚就可以坐飞机去伦敦。(近形词:except:除...外;expect:预料,期待,期望)。
2.I agree to this suggestion (C)that he drops all charges.
A.if
B.as long
C.on condition
D.in case
解析:“on condition that"译为”假如,如果”符合句意。
2.——Our holiday cost a lot of money
——Did it?Well,that doesn't matter (C)you enjoyed yourself.
A.unless
B.as far as
C.as long as
D.until
解析:C选项符合句意。译为“只要”。
区别:“in case”引导条件状语从句译为“如果/万一”,引导目的状语从句译为“以免,以备”。
eg:He takes a torch with him in case it gets dark before he returns.
他随手带了一把手电筒,以备天黑后返程用。
In case we fail,we won't lose heart.
万一我们失败,我们也不会失去信心。
考点:目的状语从句
so that,in order that... 为了,以便
lest,for fear that,in case 以免,以防(常考虚拟)
1.He works hard so that he may pass the exam.
2.He works hard lest he (should) fail in the exam.
3.He was asked to speak louder so that all the students in the classroom could hear him.
考点:让步状语从句 (让步就是退一步)
考点:尽管/即使
though,although,as(表尽管放第二位),while,even if,even though
eg:1.We wouldn't lose heart even
if we failed many times.
我们不会失去信心,即使失败了很多次。
2.Young though/as she is(=Although she is young),she is very smart.
尽管她很年轻,她非常聪明。
考题:1.Great (B)the difficulties are,we must do our best do our best to succeed.
A.while(放句首)
B.as(表尽管放第二位)
C.although(放句首)
D.however然而
考点:无论no matter+疑问词
(what什么/who谁/where哪里/when何时/which哪一个/how如何)
1.wherever/No matter where you go,I will be right here waiting for you.
无论你去哪里,我都会在这等你的。
2.whoever/No matter who you are,you must obey the regulations.
无论你是谁,你都必须遵守规则。
考点:however和no matter how后续adj/adv
考题:
1.He will never succeed in passing the CET-6,(A)hard he tries.
A.however
B.whatever
C.despite尽管
D.though尽管
解析:他永远都不会通过英语六级,无论他多么努力。
2.We must begin testing this instrument,no matter (B)difficult it is.
A.however
B.how
C.whatever
D.what
解析:我们必须开始检测这个设备,无论多么困难。
3.(D)difficult the task may be,we will try our best to complete it in time.
A.No matter
B.No wonder
C.Though
D.However
解析:无论这个任务可能多难,我们会尽我们最大的努力及时完成它。
考点:比较状语从句
1.than 比 -er+than
bigger than 更大
more than更多
less than更少
2.as...as... ...和...一样
eg:There is as much milk in this bottle as in that bottle.
as big as(原级比较)和...一样大
3.the+比较级...,the+比较级
越...越...
eg:The happier you are the longer you live.
你越开心,你活得越久。
4.the same...as 和...一样
not the same...as 和...不一样
eg:Your watch is not the same as mine.
你的手表和我的不一样
The farther away an object is from us,the smaller it looks.
物体离我们越远,看起来就越小。
far的比较级:farther(距离)/further(程度)
英语中的任何一个物体(万事万物)都可用“object”
考点:方式状语从句(以某种方式)
引导词:as按照;正如...,好像...
as if/though
the way像...那样
1.When in Rome,do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗(当你在罗马时,就按照罗马人做事方法做事)
2.He spoke as if he knew the question very well.
(speak—spoke—spoken;know—knew—known)
他说的好像他非常了解这个问题似的。
3.I don't like the way he treated us.
我不喜欢他对待我们的方式
考题:Literature must consist of words,(C) music must consist of sounds.
A.even though即使
B.so that为了
C.just as正如...
D.ever since自从
解析:文学必须包含文字,正如音乐必须包含声音。